[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":551},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-article-20260701-zh-vietnam-metallurgy-steel-sme-opportunities":3},{"path":4,"date":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"description":8,"author":9,"tags":10,"image":11,"body":14,"lang":550},"\u002F20260701\u002Fvietnam-metallurgy-steel-sme-opportunities","2026-07-01","vietnam-metallurgy-steel-sme-opportunities","越南冶金时刻：从进口依赖到工业自主","以数据驱动的问答形式，分析越南国内钢铁产业进展以及中小企业（越南中小企业）的机遇。","AnTamForward",null,{"src":12,"alt":13},"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.unsplash.com\u002Fphoto-1697698532634-ea59b636ccea?q=80&w=1170&auto=format&fit=crop&ixlib=rb-4.1.0&ixid=M3wxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8fA%3D%3D","Hoa Phát 集团生产 S700MC 高强度结构钢，用于汽车与重型工业设备的承重结构（来源：Unsplash）",{"type":15,"value":16,"toc":544},"minimark",[17,24,31,34,40,60,65,86,91,102,107,124,129,143,148,162,167,181,186,200,205,223,228,242,244,247,250,253,255,261],[18,19,21],"h1",{"id":20},"越南冶金时刻从进口依赖到工业自主",[22,23,7],"strong",{},[25,26,28],"h2",{"id":27},"国内钢铁进展与中小企业机遇的数据驱动问答",[29,30,27],"em",{},[32,33],"hr",{},[35,36,37],"p",{},[22,38,39],{},"问题一：越南为何突然大力投资国内冶金业？",[35,41,42,43,47,48,51,52,55,56,59],{},"越南面临着结构性的钢铁缺口，威胁着其工业化雄心。2024年，越南生产了约2200万吨粗钢",[44,45,46],"span",{},"1","，但每年仍进口1200-1400万吨热轧卷（HRC，Hot-Rolled Coil），相当于国内HRC产量的171%",[44,49,50],{},"2","。这种进口依赖高度集中：72%的HRC进口来自中国，进口量同比增长翻倍",[44,53,54],{},"3","。政府已设定目标：到2050年生产7000万吨粗钢，满足国内需求的90%",[44,57,58],{},"4","。",[35,61,62],{},[22,63,64],{},"问题二：越南进口最多的是哪些具体钢铁品种？",[35,66,67,68,70,71,74,75,78,79,82,83,59],{},"热轧卷（HRC）占据进口主导地位，仅2024年前九个月就达到近880万吨，同比增长26%",[44,69,54],{},"。除了普通HRC，越南几乎全部依赖进口专用钢种：用于汽车再轧制的SAE1006级HRC",[44,72,73],{},"5","、用于家电和机械的304不锈钢",[44,76,77],{},"6","，以及用于航空和精密工程的合金钢",[44,80,81],{},"7","。即便是建筑用的基本镀锌钢也需要进口，2024年彩色涂层钢进口增长了27.1%",[44,84,85],{},"8",[35,87,88],{},[22,89,90],{},"问题三：国内生产与需求之间的差距有多大？",[35,92,93,94,97,98,101],{},"越南HRC年产能为800万吨，而国内需求达1000万吨，存在200万吨的结构性缺口",[44,95,96],{},"9","。2025年5月，从中国进口的宽幅HRC激增至18.1万吨，是2024年同期的25倍",[44,99,100],{},"10","。这一缺口迫使越南的汽车、造船和家电制造商依赖中国供应链，承受价格波动和贸易政策变化带来的风险。",[35,103,104],{},[22,105,106],{},"问题四：Hòa Phát（河台，越南最大民营钢铁集团）的S700MC突破是什么，为何要开发它？",[35,108,109,110,113,114,117,118,121,122,59],{},"经过一年多的研发和25次试轧，Hòa Phát Dung Quất（河台广义钢铁厂）成为越南首家按照欧洲标准BS EN 10149生产S700MC高强度结构钢的企业",[44,111,112],{},"11","。该钢种最小屈服强度为700兆帕（MPa），具备优异的冷成型和焊接性能",[44,115,116],{},"12","。河台专门为VinFast（越南本土电动车品牌）、Thaco（越南汽车制造商）和Thành Công（越南汽车集团）开发此产品，主动向这些汽车厂商提供样件，用于卡车车架、拖车结构和车辆底盘应用",[44,119,120],{},"13","。开发过程需要掌握化学成分设计、微合金化、析出控制和热机械控制轧制（TMCP）技术",[44,123,112],{},[35,125,126],{},[22,127,128],{},"问题五：还有哪些国内投资在解决进口依赖问题？",[35,130,131,132,135,136,139,140,59],{},"河台正在建成总投资33.4亿美元的Dung Quất 2（广义二期）综合基地，采用欧洲SMS集团（德国冶金设备巨头）的技术，年产560万吨优质HRC",[44,133,134],{},"14","。Vingroup（越南最大综合性企业集团之一）成立了VinMetal，投资10万亿越南盾（约3.8-4.9亿美元）在河静省建设年产500万吨的综合基地，明确瞄准VinFast电动车制造供应链",[44,137,138],{},"15","。河台还启动了铁路钢项目，预计每年带来2940万美元的税前利润，轧线将于2026年第三季度投产",[44,141,142],{},"16",[35,144,145],{},[22,146,147],{},"问题六：哪三个行业从国产钢铁中受益最多？",[35,149,150,151,154,155,158,159,59],{},"汽车制造业直接受益：越南汽车行业每年增长超过20%",[44,152,153],{},"17","，国产S700MC钢使以前依赖进口的底盘和结构部件能够本土生产。造船业受益于减少对进口钢板和焊料的依赖，支持越南现有的下龙、海防和岘港造船厂",[44,156,157],{},"18","。家电制造业方面，三星、LG和松下在越南设有大型出口工厂，受益于国产冷轧卷和涂层钢用于冰箱和洗衣机外壳的生产",[44,160,161],{},"19",[35,163,164],{},[22,165,166],{},"问题七：本次扩张中存在哪些短期中小企业机遇？",[35,168,169,170,173,174,177,178,59],{},"中小企业可以从钢铁加工服务中获取价值：为需要准时制（JIT, Just-In-Time）交付的制造商提供HRC切割、分条、弯曲和CNC（数控）加工",[44,171,172],{},"20","。普通钢种的分销和区域贸易资本门槛较低，而物流和仓储服务则解决最后一公里的交付难题",[44,175,176],{},"21","。越南建筑承包商协会估计，国内建筑公司可以承接高铁基础设施开发的一半以上工程，为中小企业创造大量分包机会",[44,179,180],{},"22",[35,182,183],{},[22,184,185],{},"问题八：基建项目带来哪些长期中小企业机遇？",[35,187,188,189,192,193,196,197,59],{},"南北高速铁路项目预计耗资171.354万亿越南盾（约673.4亿美元），建设期间将创造超过20万个就业岗位",[44,190,191],{},"23","。越南建设部计划到2035年培训7万名人员掌握高铁技术，仅该铁路线就需要近1.4万名运营人员",[44,194,195],{},"24","。中小企业可以通过供应混凝土和钢筋、租赁设备、场地物流和车站零售特许经营参与。河台的铁路钢厂（2026年第四季度投产）将供应轨道材料，而信号和电气部件为电子类中小企业提供了本地化机会",[44,198,199],{},"25",[35,201,202],{},[22,203,204],{},"问题九：哪些障碍阻碍中小企业进入钢铁供应链？",[35,206,207,208,211,212,215,216,219,220,59],{},"认证要求是主要障碍：汽车和家电制造商要求ISO和IATF 16949（汽车行业全球质量管理体系标准）认证，许多中小企业尚未具备",[44,209,210],{},"26","。截至2003年，仅有14%的越南中小企业参与大企业的分包或装配，反映出薄弱的网络整合",[44,213,214],{},"27","。钢铁加工设备的资本密集度以及涂层或表面处理设施的环保合规成本，将较小的企业排除在外",[44,217,218],{},"28","。历史上，越南中小企业主要参与全球价值链的低附加值环节，限制了利润空间",[44,221,222],{},"29",[35,224,225],{},[22,226,227],{},"问题十：中小企业融入冶金供应链的前景如何？",[35,229,230,231,234,235,238,239,59],{},"政府政策积极支持中小企业参与：39\u002F2019号法令（关于支持中小企业发展的法令）提供优惠贷款用于技术改进和参与供应链",[44,232,233],{},"30","，同时产品分销链中中小企业参与比例达80%以上的项目可获得投资优惠",[44,236,237],{},"31","。从进口钢向国产钢的结构性转变为加工、分销和专业部件制造创造了长达十年的窗口期。成功的关键在于细分专业化——聚焦特定钢种或加工工序，而不是与河台在普通钢产量上竞争，并与外国技术供应商建立合作伙伴关系以获得涂层、热处理或精密加工能力",[44,240,241],{},"32",[32,243],{},[35,245,246],{},"🐟🌊⛩️",[35,248,249],{},"AnTamForward - 寻找可信赖的货运代理！",[35,251,252],{},"访问网站： antamforward.vn",[32,254],{},[25,256,258],{"id":257},"参考资料",[22,259,260],{},"参考资料：",[262,263,264,277,286,293,302,311,320,329,338,345,354,363,372,381,390,399,408,417,426,433,442,451,460,469,478,485,494,503,510,519,528,537],"ul",{},[265,266,267,269,270],"li",{},[44,268,46],{}," ",[271,272,276],"a",{"href":273,"rel":274},"https:\u002F\u002Ftransitionasia.org\u002Fdecarbonising-vietnams-steel-industry-challenges-and-opportunities-for-a-low-carbon-industrial-future\u002F",[275],"nofollow","Decarbonising Vietnam's steel industry: Challenges and opportunities",[265,278,279,269,281],{},[44,280,50],{},[271,282,285],{"href":283,"rel":284},"https:\u002F\u002Fvietnamnet.vn\u002Fen\u002Fhot-rolled-steel-imports-to-vietnam-skyrocket-china-dominates-market-2331435.html",[275],"Hot-rolled steel imports to Vietnam skyrocket, China dominates market",[265,287,288,269,290],{},[44,289,54],{},[271,291,285],{"href":283,"rel":292},[275],[265,294,295,269,297],{},[44,296,58],{},[271,298,301],{"href":299,"rel":300},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vietnam.vn\u002Fen\u002Fviet-nam-dat-muc-tieu-san-xuat-70-trieu-tan-thep-tho-dap-ung-90-nhu-cau-noi-dia-vao-nam-2050",[275],"Việt Nam đặt mục tiêu sản xuất 70 triệu tấn thép thô, đáp ứng 90% nhu cầu nội địa vào năm 2050",[265,303,304,269,306],{},[44,305,73],{},[271,307,310],{"href":308,"rel":309},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fastmarkets.com\u002Finsights\u002Ffour-key-reasons-asian-hot-rolled-coil-prices-remain-stagnant\u002F",[275],"Four key reasons Asian hot-rolled coil prices remain stagnant",[265,312,313,269,315],{},[44,314,77],{},[271,316,319],{"href":317,"rel":318},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.reddit.com\u002Fr\u002FVietNam\u002Fcomments\u002F1f7uw0j\u002Fhow_is_the_history_of_vietnam_metallurgy\u002F",[275],"How is the history of Vietnam metallurgy?",[265,321,322,269,324],{},[44,323,81],{},[271,325,328],{"href":326,"rel":327},"https:\u002F\u002Fgengfeisteel.com\u002Fnews\u002Fvietnam-steel-market-supply-and-demand-analysis-report\u002F",[275],"Vietnam steel market supply and demand analysis report",[265,330,331,269,333],{},[44,332,85],{},[271,334,337],{"href":335,"rel":336},"https:\u002F\u002Fthe-shiv.com\u002Fvietnams-steel-production-and-exports-show-strong-growth-in-2024-vsa\u002F",[275],"Vietnam's steel production and exports show strong growth in 2024",[265,339,340,269,342],{},[44,341,96],{},[271,343,276],{"href":273,"rel":344},[275],[265,346,347,269,349],{},[44,348,100],{},[271,350,353],{"href":351,"rel":352},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vietnam.vn\u002Fen\u002Fnhap-khau-thep-hrc-kho-rong-tu-trung-quoc-tang-soc-nhieu-doanh-nghiep-khoc-rong",[275],"Nhập khẩu thép HRC khổ rộng từ Trung Quốc tăng sốc",[265,355,356,269,358],{},[44,357,112],{},[271,359,362],{"href":360,"rel":361},"https:\u002F\u002Ftuoitre.vn\u002F25-lan-can-thu-va-me-thep-dac-chung-lan-dau-tien-san-xuat-tai-viet-nam-100260624185432521.htm",[275],"25 lần cán thử và \"mẻ thép đặc chủng\" lần đầu tiên sản xuất tại Việt Nam",[265,364,365,269,367],{},[44,366,116],{},[271,368,371],{"href":369,"rel":370},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.steelorbis.com\u002Fsteel-news\u002Flatest-news\u002Fhoa-phat-develops-s700mc-high-strength-steel-for-automotive-and-heavy-equipment-applications-1460240.htm",[275],"Hoa Phat develops S700MC high-strength steel for automotive and heavy equipment applications",[265,373,374,269,376],{},[44,375,120],{},[271,377,380],{"href":378,"rel":379},"https:\u002F\u002Ftheinvestor.vn\u002Fhoa-phat-group-from-volume-to-value-d18299.html",[275],"Hoa Phat Group: From volume to value",[265,382,383,269,385],{},[44,384,134],{},[271,386,389],{"href":387,"rel":388},"https:\u002F\u002Ftheinvestor.vn\u002Fvietnams-steel-heavyweight-hoa-phat-to-start-operating-334-bln-factory-in-2025-d14016.html",[275],"Vietnam's steel heavyweight Hoa Phat to start operating $3.34 bln factory in 2025",[265,391,392,269,394],{},[44,393,138],{},[271,395,398],{"href":396,"rel":397},"https:\u002F\u002Fvir.com.vn\u002Fvingroup-sets-up-380-million-steel-company-138089.html",[275],"Vingroup sets up $380 million steel company",[265,400,401,269,403],{},[44,402,142],{},[271,404,407],{"href":405,"rel":406},"https:\u002F\u002Fvir.com.vn\u002Fvietnam-heavyweight-hoa-phats-rail-steel-plant-project-could-generate-294-mln-in-annual-pre-tax-profit-broker-d16783.html",[275],"Hoa Phat's rail steel plant project could generate $29.4 mln in annual pre-tax profit",[265,409,410,269,412],{},[44,411,153],{},[271,413,416],{"href":414,"rel":415},"https:\u002F\u002Fcamasteel.com\u002Foverview_of_the_steel_industry_in_vietnam_and_how_to_buy_steel",[275],"Overview of the steel industry in Vietnam",[265,418,419,269,421],{},[44,420,157],{},[271,422,425],{"href":423,"rel":424},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.brookings.edu\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2016\u002F07\u002FL2C_WP19_Nguyen-Luu-and-Trinh-1.pdf",[275],"Vietnam's shipbuilding industry analysis (Brookings)",[265,427,428,269,430],{},[44,429,161],{},[271,431,328],{"href":326,"rel":432},[275],[265,434,435,269,437],{},[44,436,172],{},[271,438,441],{"href":439,"rel":440},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cosmosourcing.com\u002Fblog\u002Fhow-to-find-metal-suppliers-in-vietnam-metal-wire-cnc-and-stainless-steel-manufacturers-in-vietnam",[275],"How to find metal suppliers in Vietnam",[265,443,444,269,446],{},[44,445,176],{},[271,447,450],{"href":448,"rel":449},"https:\u002F\u002Fvalovietnam.com\u002Fblog\u002Fmetal-suppliers-in-vietnam",[275],"Metal suppliers in Vietnam",[265,452,453,269,455],{},[44,454,180],{},[271,456,459],{"href":457,"rel":458},"https:\u002F\u002Fvietnamnews.vn\u002Feconomy\u002F1717672\u002Fhigh-speed-railway-project-brings-development-opportunity-for-vietnamese-firms.html",[275],"High-speed railway project brings development opportunity for Vietnamese firms",[265,461,462,269,464],{},[44,463,191],{},[271,465,468],{"href":466,"rel":467},"https:\u002F\u002Fasianafrican.org\u002Fdriving-growth-business-opportunities-in-vietnams-north-south-high-speed-railway-project\u002F",[275],"Business opportunities in Vietnam's North-South high-speed railway project",[265,470,471,269,473],{},[44,472,195],{},[271,474,477],{"href":475,"rel":476},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.vietnamplus.vn\u002Fvietnam-aims-to-train-at-least-35000-railway-workers-by-2030-post347107.vnp",[275],"Vietnam aims to train at least 35,000 railway workers by 2030",[265,479,480,269,482],{},[44,481,199],{},[271,483,407],{"href":405,"rel":484},[275],[265,486,487,269,489],{},[44,488,210],{},[271,490,493],{"href":491,"rel":492},"https:\u002F\u002Fjtmasia.com\u002Fen\u002Fnews\u002Fvietnam-manufacturing-landscape.html",[275],"Vietnam manufacturing landscape",[265,495,496,269,498],{},[44,497,214],{},[271,499,502],{"href":500,"rel":501},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eria.org\u002FVietnam%E2%80%99s%20Small%20and%20Medium%20Sized%20Enterprises%20Development_Characteristics,%20Constraints%20and%20Policy%20Recommendations.pdf",[275],"Vietnam's Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Development",[265,504,505,269,507],{},[44,506,218],{},[271,508,441],{"href":439,"rel":509},[275],[265,511,512,269,514],{},[44,513,222],{},[271,515,518],{"href":516,"rel":517},"https:\u002F\u002Fgembah.com\u002Fblog\u002Fvietnam-supply-chain\u002F",[275],"Vietnam supply chain",[265,520,521,269,523],{},[44,522,233],{},[271,524,527],{"href":525,"rel":526},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.loc.gov\u002Fitem\u002Fglobal-legal-monitor\u002F2024-07-15\u002Fvietnam-financial-support-program-for-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-amended\u002F",[275],"Vietnam financial support program for small and medium-sized enterprises",[265,529,530,269,532],{},[44,531,237],{},[271,533,536],{"href":534,"rel":535},"https:\u002F\u002Flawplus.vn\u002Fsupporting-for-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises\u002F",[275],"Supporting for small and medium-sized enterprises",[265,538,539,269,541],{},[44,540,241],{},[271,542,493],{"href":491,"rel":543},[275],{"title":545,"searchDepth":546,"depth":546,"links":547},"",2,[548,549],{"id":27,"depth":546,"text":27},{"id":257,"depth":546,"text":260},"zh",1783262455841]